What is method overloading vs overriding?

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Method Overloading vs Method Overriding in Java

Method Overloading and Method Overriding are two key concepts in Java that support polymorphism — allowing code flexibility and reusability.

🔁 Method Overloading (Compile-Time Polymorphism)

Method overloading occurs within the same class when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters (type, number, or order).

Example:

java
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class Calculator {
    int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
    double add(double a, double b) { return a + b; }
    int add(int a, int b, int c) { return a + b + c; }
}
Overloaded methods are resolved during compile-time.

Improves readability and reusability.

🔄 Method Overriding (Run-Time Polymorphism)

Method overriding happens when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

Example:

java
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class Animal {
    void sound() { System.out.println("Animal makes sound"); }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    void sound() { System.out.println("Dog barks"); }
}
Overridden methods are resolved during run-time.

Requires inheritance and same method signature.

Allows dynamic behavior and method customization.

🆚 Key Differences

Feature                               Overloading                 Overriding
Scope                                Same class                  Subclass and superclass
Signature Must differ      Must be the same
Polymorphism             Compile-time               Run-time
Inheritance                      Not require                      Required

Both concepts are crucial in writing clean, efficient, and extensible Java code. Overloading simplifies method use, while overriding ensures correct behavior in inheritance hierarchies.

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