What is the use of throw and throws?

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In Java, throw and throws are used to handle exceptions, but they serve different purposes.

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🔹 throw Keyword:

• Used to explicitly throw an exception from a method or block of code.

• Can throw checked or unchecked exceptions.

• Only one exception can be thrown at a time.

Syntax:

throw new ExceptionType("Error message");

Example:

public void validateAge(int age) {
    if (age < 18) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Age must be 18 or older");
    }
}

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🔹 throws Keyword:

• Declares that a method might throw one or more exceptions.

• Used for checked exceptions.

• Placed in the method signature.

Syntax:

public void readFile() throws IOException {
    // code that may throw IOException
}

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🔍 Key Differences:

Feature	throw	throws
Purpose	Used to throw an exception	Used to declare an exception
Location	Inside method body	In method signature
Usage	Throws single exception instance	Declares potential exceptions
Affects	Runtime behavior	Compile-time checking

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✅ Conclusion:

• Use throw when you want to trigger an exception manually.

• Use throws to inform the compiler and calling method that an exception might occur, and must be handled.

Together, they help in robust exception handling and improving code readability and safety.

Read more: 

What is the difference between Collection and Collections?

Can a finally block be skipped?

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