What is the use of useState and useEffect?

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In React, useState and useEffect are two of the most commonly used hooks that allow developers to manage state and side effects in functional components.

useState

• useState is used to create and manage state variables inside functional components.

• Traditionally, state management was only possible in class components, but with hooks, we can now use state in functional components as well.

• It returns an array with two values: the current state and a function to update that state.

• Example:

  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  

  Here, count is the state variable, and setCount is the function to update it. Whenever setCount is called, React re-renders the component with the new state.

Use cases of useState:

• Storing form inputs (text, checkbox, radio buttons).

• Managing counters, toggles, and dynamic UI changes.

• Keeping track of API data or user interactions.

useEffect

• useEffect is used to handle side effects in React components.

• Side effects are actions that occur outside the normal rendering process, such as data fetching, subscriptions, DOM manipulations, or timers.

• By default, useEffect runs after every render, but you can control when it runs using the dependency array.

  • useEffect(() => {...}, []) → runs only once (on mount).

  • useEffect(() => {...}, [count]) → runs when count changes.

  • useEffect(() => {...}) → runs after every render.

Use cases of useEffect:

• Fetching API data when a component loads.

• Subscribing to events (like WebSockets or DOM listeners).

• Running cleanup logic (like clearing timers or unsubscribing from listeners).

In short

• useState → Manages state (data that changes over time).

• useEffect → Manages side effects (tasks outside React’s render cycle).

Together, they make functional components powerful and capable of handling complex logic just like class components.

Read more :

What is React?

What are components in React?

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