What are the different types of caching in Hibernate?

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Hibernate uses caching to reduce database hits and improve performance. It provides multiple levels and types of caching mechanisms:

1. First-Level Cache (Session Cache)

   • Built-in and mandatory.

   • Associated with the Hibernate Session object.

   • Stores entities within the same session, so repeated requests for the same object don’t trigger extra queries.

   • Cleared when the session is closed.

2. Second-Level Cache

   • Optional and configurable.

   • Shared across sessions, associated with the SessionFactory.

   • Useful for caching entities, collections, or queries across multiple sessions.

   • Requires integration with providers like Ehcache, Infinispan, or Redis.

3. Query Cache

   • Works alongside the second-level cache.

   • Stores the results of queries (identifiers of objects).

   • Requires enabling explicitly and depends on the second-level cache for actual entity data.

   • Useful for frequently executed queries with the same parameters.

4. Natural ID Cache

   • Special cache for entities identified by a natural key (business key instead of surrogate ID).

   • Provides quick lookups without hitting the database.

👉 Summary:

• First-Level Cache → Session-scoped, automatic.

• Second-Level Cache → SessionFactory-scoped, shared, optional.

• Query Cache → Caches query results, depends on second-level cache.

• Natural ID Cache → Optimizes access using business keys.

Read More :

Explain the concept of Lazy Loading vs. Eager Loading.

What is the difference between get() and load() in Hibernate?

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