What is the difference between final, finally, and finalize() in Java?

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🔑 final

• It is a keyword (modifier).

• Used to restrict things:

  • A final variable cannot be changed (acts as a constant).

  • A final method cannot be overridden by subclasses.

  • A final class cannot be inherited (no subclassing).

• Purpose: To enforce immutability and restriction.

🔑 finally

• It is a block in exception handling.

• Always executes whether an exception occurs or not.

• Commonly used for cleanup tasks like closing files, releasing resources, or disconnecting from databases.

• Purpose: To ensure important code always runs, even if an error happens.

🔑 finalize()

• It is a method in the Object class.

• Called by the Garbage Collector before an object is destroyed.

• Was originally intended for releasing resources before memory cleanup.

• Purpose: To handle pre-destruction cleanup, but it is now deprecated (unreliable and rarely used).

⚡ Quick Summary Table

Term	Type	Purpose
final	Keyword	Restricts variable, method, or class
finally	Block	Ensures cleanup code always runs
finalize()	Method	Runs before object is garbage collected

👉 Easy way to remember:

• final = restriction

• finally = guaranteed execution

• finalize() = cleanup before destruction

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